RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETES MELLITUS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN ADOLESCENTS

Freshy Moonyk Sister, Ridha Mardiyani, Wuriani Wuriani, Haryanto Haryanto, Lidia Hastuti, Kharisma Pratama, Syahid Amrullah

Abstract


The onset of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among adolescents worldwide has been increased. Objective: This study aimed to analyze risk factors associated with DM among adolescents including family history, tobacco consumption, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, Body Mass Index (BMI), and physical activity. Method: This cross-sectional study included  211 individuals selected through simple random sampling. Data were obtained using a questionnaire to risk factors of DM (family history, tobacco consumption).  Random Capillary Blood Glucose (RCBG) was measured by glucometer. BMI Z score was calculated using growth standard for adolescents. Blood pressure was determined by automatic monitor in accordance with the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) hypertension clinical guidelines. Physical activity were assessed using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescent (PAQ-A).  Then, analysis was carried out using the Spearman rank rho statistical test. Results: Among 211 adolescents, most were normoglycemic (79.6%), low physical activity (78.2 %), obesity (17.5 %), and having elevated blood pressure (46.0%). There was no significant relationship between family history of diabetes, smoking habits, blood pressure, BMI, physical activity and blood glucose levels (p > 0.05). Discussions: Although there was no significant relationship was found, however, the presence of multiple risk factors indicates that early metabolic risk may already exist, while the prediabetes phase in adolescents often remains unrecognized. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of early preventive strategies and lifestyle interventions to reduce future metabolic risk. Future research is required to identify other risk factors of DM.

Keywords : Adolescents, diabetes mellitus, glucose, risk factors


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32419/jppni.v10i3.622

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