FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP PADA PASIEN DENGAN GANGGUAN PENGELIHATAN

Helda Fitria Wahyuni, Nanda Chaerunisa, Dewanti Widya Astari

Abstract


Gangguan penglihatan merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang memengaruhi sekitar 285 juta jiwa dan berdampak pada fungsi fisik, psikologis, sosial, serta lingkungan penderita. Namun, bukti mengenai gambaran kualitas hidup faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan penglihatan berat di Indonesia masih terbatas, khususnya di rumah sakit rujukan nasional.  Tujuan penelitian: mendeskripsikan kualitas hidup pasien rawat inap dengan gangguan pengelihatan berat dan menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup dilihat dari karakteristik demografi pasien.  Metode: Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan pada Januari–Juni 2024 pada 100 pasien rawat inap dengan gangguan penglihatan berat (visus ≤ 3/60 pada kedua mata) yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi meliputi usia ≥ 12 tahun, mampu berkomunikasi, dan bersedia menjadi responden, sedangkan eksklusi adalah visus > 3/60, gangguan mental berat, dan kondisi kritis. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner karakteristik demografi dan instrumen WHOQOL-BREF versi Indonesia, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-squareHasil: Sebanyak 87% responden memiliki kualitas hidup rendah. Rata-rata skor domain kesehatan fisik berada pada kategori buruk, sedangkan domain psikologis, hubungan sosial, dan lingkungan berada pada kategori cukup. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara karakteristik demografi (usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan status pernikahan) dengan kualitas hidup (p > 0,05). Diskusi: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pasien dengan gangguan penglihatan berat memiliki kualitas hidup rendah, terutama secara fisik, sehingga diperlukan intervensi keperawatan yang memfokuskan rehabilitasi fisik dan dukungan psikososial. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas pasien dengan gangguan penglihatan berat memiliki kualitas hidup rendah, terutama pada domain kesehatan fisik, terlepas dari karakteristik demografi mereka. Hasil ini menegaskan perlunya intervensi keperawatan spesifik yang menitikberatkan pada rehabilitasi fisik dan penguatan dukungan psikososial untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien gangguan penglihatan. 

Kata Kunci: gangguan penglihatan, kualitas hidup, perawat, WHOQOL-BR

 

Factors Correlated with Quality of Life among Patients with Visual Impairment 

 ABSTRACT

Visual impairment is a global health problem affecting approximately 285 million people and has significant impacts on physical, psychological, social, and environmental aspects of individuals’ lives. However, evidence regarding the quality of life and related factors among patients with severe visual impairment in Indonesia remains limited, particularly in national referral hospitals. Objective: to describe the quality of life of inpatients with severe visual impairment and analyze factors related to quality of life seen from the demographic characteristics of patients.  Methods: This quantitative descriptive study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted from January to June 2024. A total of 100 hospitalized patients with severe visual impairment (visual acuity ≤3/60 in both eyes) were selected using purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included patients aged ≥12 years, able to communicate, and willing to participate, while exclusion criteria included visual acuity >3/60, severe mental disorders, and critical conditions. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Indonesian version of the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-square test. Results: A total of 87% of respondents had a low quality of life. The average score for the physical health domain was categorized as poor, while the psychological, social relationship, and environmental domains were categorized as moderate. Bivariate analysis showed no significant correlation between demographic characteristics (age, sex, education level, occupation, and marital status) and quality of life (p > 0.05). Discussion: The findings indicate that most patients with severe visual impairment experience a low quality of life, particularly in the physical health domain. These results highlight the need for nursing interventions that focus on physical rehabilitation and psychosocial support. Conclusion: Most patients with severe visual impairment have a low quality of life, especially in the physical health domain, regardless of their demographic characteristics. These findings emphasize the importance of specific nursing interventions focusing on physical rehabilitation and strengthening psychosocial support to improve the quality of life of patients with visual impairment.

Keywords: visual impairment, quality of life, nurses, WHOQOL-BREF


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32419/jppni.v10i3.738

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